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Mallick, J., Singh, C. K., AlMesfer, M. K., Kumar, A., Khan, R. A., Islam, S., et al. (2018). Hydro-geochemical assessment of groundwater quality in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Water, 10, 1847.
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Post, V. E. A., Houben, G. J., & van Engelen, J. (2018). What is the Ghijben-Herzberg principle and who formulated it? Hydrogeology Journal, 26(6), 1801–1807.
Abstract: It has been suggested in a number of historical notes that it was neither Willem Badon Ghijben nor Alexander Herzberg who formulated the famous principle now carrying their name, which relates the water-table elevation to the depth of the freshwater saltwater interface in coastal aquifers. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature pre-dating the publication of their work is presented. The aim is to establish to what extent these previous works captured the essence of the Ghijben-Herzberg principle, that is, the combination of a correct conceptual model of the hydrogeological conditions with a quantitative relationship. It was found that references to coastal fresh groundwater reserves can be traced back to Roman times, while the earliest detailed descriptions of a freshwater lens that could be found dates from the eighteenth century. The correct understanding of the hydrostatic equilibrium between fresh and salt groundwater is evident in works from the early nineteenth century. However, it was Badon Ghijben and Herzberg who combined this with the correct understanding of the groundwater conditions of a freshwater lens. It was further found that Herzberg had already recorded his findings in 1888 in a hand-written report, confirming speculation that such a report might exist.
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Houben, G. (2018). Annotated translation of “Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [The water supply of some North Sea spas]” by Alexander Herzberg (1901). Hydrogeology Journal, 26(6), 1789–1799.
Abstract: The publication “The water supply of some North Sea spas” by Alexander Herzberg in 1901 is a cornerstone of coastal groundwater research. It was fundamental to the development of the Ghijben-Herzberg principle, which describes the hydrostatic equilibrium between fresh and saline groundwater. Due to its age and the language barrier, the paper is often cited but probably rarely read. Therefore, the original paper has been translated from German into English, accompanied by an introduction and notes explaining the historical context.
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Zaidi*, F. K., Nazzal, Y., Ahmed, I., Al-Bassam, A. M., Al-Arifi, N. S., Ghrefat, H., et al. (2015). Hydrochemical processes governing groundwater quality of sedimentary aquifers in Central Saudi Arabia and its environmental implications. Environ. Earth Sci., 74, 1555–1568.
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Emadi*, M., & Baghernejad, M. (2014). Comparison of spatial interpolation techniques for mapping soil pH and salinity in agricultural coastal areas, northern Iran. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci., 60:9, 1315–1327.
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