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Author |
Bobba, A.G. |
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Title |
Mathematical models for saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers |
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Year |
1993 |
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Water Resources Management |
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7 |
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1 |
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3-37 |
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Flow of freshwater and saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers has drawn the attention of many investigators. Several laboratory, as well as mathematical models have been developed to study the pattern of flow of groundwater in coastal aquifers. Mathematical models have wider range of application and are the concern of this paper. Due to the complex nature of the problem, each of these mathematical models are based on certain simplifying assumptions and approximations. This paper presents a critical review of various methods of solution which have been proposed. The validity of the results abtained and the limitations of these models are also discussed. |
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1573-1650 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Bobba.1993 |
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14 |
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Author |
Lu, C.; Xin, P.; Kong, J.; Li, L.; Luo, J. |
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Title |
Analytical solutions of seawater intrusion in sloping confined and unconfined coastal aquifers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Water Resources Research |
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52 |
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9 |
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6989-7004 |
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Keywords |
seawater intrusion, sloping coastal aquifer, analytical solution |
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Abstract Sloping coastal aquifers in reality are ubiquitous and well documented. Steady state sharp-interface analytical solutions for describing seawater intrusion in sloping confined and unconfined coastal aquifers are developed based on the Dupuit-Forchheimer approximation. Specifically, analytical solutions based on the constant-flux inland boundary condition are derived by solving the discharge equation for the interface zone with the continuity conditions of the head and flux applied at the interface between the freshwater zone and the interface zone. Analytical solutions for the constant-head inland boundary are then obtained by developing the relationship between the inland freshwater flux and hydraulic head and combining this relationship with the solutions of the constant-flux inland boundary. It is found that for the constant-flux inland boundary, the shape of the saltwater interface is independent of the geometry of the bottom confining layer for both aquifer types, despite that the geometry of the bottom confining layer determines the location of the interface tip. This is attributed to that the hydraulic head at the interface is identical to that of the coastal boundary, so the shape of the bed below the interface is irrelevant to the interface position. Moreover, developed analytical solutions with an empirical factor on the density factor are in good agreement with the results of variable-density flow numerical modeling. Analytical solutions developed in this study provide a powerful tool for assessment of seawater intrusion in sloping coastal aquifers as well as in coastal aquifers with a known freshwater flux but an arbitrary geometry of the bottom confining layer. |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Lu.etal.2016 |
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15 |
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Author |
Sebben, M.L.; Werner, A.D.; Graf, T. |
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Title |
Seawater intrusion in fractured coastal aquifers: A preliminary numerical investigation using a fractured Henry problem |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Advances in Water Resources |
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85 |
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93-108 |
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Despite that fractured coastal aquifers are widespread, the influence of fracture characteristics on seawater intrusion (SWI) has not been explored in previous studies. This research uses numerical modelling in a first step towards understanding the influence of fracture orientation, location and density on the extent of seawater and accompanying patterns of groundwater discharge in an idealised coastal aquifer. Specifically, aquifers containing single fractures or networks of regularly spaced fractures are studied using modified forms of the Henry SWI benchmark problem. The applicability of equivalent porous media (EPM) models for representing simple fracture networks in steady-state simulations of SWI is tested. The results indicate that the influence of fractures on SWI is likely to be mixed, ranging from enhancement to reduction in seawater extent and the width of the mixing zone. For the conceptual models considered here, vertical fractures in contact with the seawater wedge increase the width of the mixing zone, whereas vertical fractures inland of the wedge have minimal impact on the seawater distribution. Horizontal fractures in the lower part of the aquifer force the wedge seaward, whereas horizontal fractures located within the zone of freshwater discharge enhance the wedge. Inclined fractures roughly parallel to the seawater-freshwater interface increase the landward extent of seawater and fractures perpendicular to the interface inhibit the wedge. The results show that EPM models are likely inadequate for inferring salinity distributions in most of the fractured cases, although the EPM approach may be suitable for orthogonal fracture networks if fracture density is high and appropriate dispersivity values can be determined. |
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0309-1708 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Sebben2015 |
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37 |
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Author |
Cui, G.; Lu, Y.; Zheng, C.; Liu, Z.; Sai, J. |
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Title |
Relationship between soil salinization and groundwater hydration in Yaoba Oasis, Northwest China |
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2019 |
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Water |
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11 |
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1 |
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175 |
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Precipitation is scarce and evaporation is intense in desert areas. Groundwater is used as the main water source to develop agriculture in the oases. However, the effects of using groundwater on the ecological environment elicit widespread public concern. This study investigated the relationship between soil salinity and groundwater characteristics in Yaoba Oasis through in situ experiments. The relationship of the mineral content, pH, and main ion content of groundwater with soil salt was quantitatively evaluated through a gray relational analysis. Four main results were obtained. First, the fresh water area with low total dissolved solid (TDS) was usually HCO3− or SO42− type water, and salt water was mostly Cl− and SO42−. The spatial distribution of main ions in groundwater during winter irrigation in November was basically consistent with that during spring irrigation in June. However, the spatial distribution of TDS differed in the two seasons. Second, soil salinization in the study area was severe, and the salinization rate reached 72.7%. In this work, the spatial variability of soil salinization had a relatively large value, and the values in spring were greater than those in autumn. Third, the soil in the irrigated area had a high salt content, and the salt ion content of surface soil was higher than that of subsoil. A piper trilinear diagram revealed that Ca2+ and K+ + Na+ were the main cations. SO42−, Cl−, and HCO3− were the main anions, and salinization soil mainly contained SO42−. Fourth, the changes in soil salt and ion contents in the 0–10 cm soil layer were approximately similar to those of irrigation water quality, both of which showed an increasing trend. The correlation of surface soil salinity with the salinity of groundwater and its chemical components was high. In summary, this study identified the progress of irrigation water quality in soil salinization and provided a scientific basis for improving the oasis ecosystem, maintaining the healthy development of agriculture, managing oasis water resources, and policy development. Our
findings can serve as a reference for other, similar oasis research. |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
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THL @ luqianxue.zhang @ Cui2019 |
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46 |
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Darwish, T.; Atallah, T.; Francis, R.; Saab, C.; Jomaa, I.; Shaaban, A.; Sakka, H.; Zdruli, P. |
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Title |
Observations on soil and groundwater contamination with nitrate: A case study from Lebanon-East Mediterranean |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Agricultural Water Management |
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99 |
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1 |
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74-84 |
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The impact of agricultural practices on soil–groundwater quality in the sub-humid Bekaa plain of Lebanon-East Mediterranean was monitored in four fields (F) between July 2007 and July 2009. These were occupied by continuous mint (F1), summer potato/wheat/potato (F2), lettuce/lettuce/potato/wheat/summer potato (F3) and table grapes (F4). N input calculated on a two-year basis, was in the following ascending order F4, F2, F3 and F1. Soil samples, analyzed down to 200 cm depth, showed high nitrate and chloride concentrations at the end of the 2007 and 2008 seasons. Soil chloride and nitrate peaks recorded in October 2007 and 2008 disappeared below 200 cm overwinter. The calculated N biannual discharge ranged from 130 (F4), to 516 (F2), to 778 (F1), to 879 kg ha−1 (F3). Groundwater quality was studied in 21 wells distributed along a sequence stretching from the Litani River to the eastern water dividing line. Based on the nitrate concentrations, the well located at the top of the water dividing line was the only one suitable for drinking purposes. Eight wells were mildly contaminated, therefore suitable for irrigation purposes except for sensitive crops. Twelve wells, positioned in the plain, showed a nitrate level exceeding 200 mg L−1. Protecting the soil and groundwater quality is a top priority to maintain the ecological and agricultural functions of water. |
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Elsevier |
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0378-3774 |
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THL @ luqianxue.zhang @ Darwish2011 |
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48 |
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