TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vengosh, A.
AU  - Spivack, A. J.
AU  - Artzi, Y.
AU  - Ayalon, A.
PY  - 1999//
TI  - Geochemical and boron, strontium, and oxygen isotopic constraints on the origin of the salinity in groundwater from the Mediterranean coast of Israel
JO  - Water Resources Research
SP  - 1877
EP  - 1894
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
PB  - Wiley Online Library
N2  - In order to identify the origin of the salinity and formation of saline plumes in the central part of the Mediterranean coastal aquifer of Israel, we determined the elemental and boron, strontium, and oxygen isotopic compositions of fresh and brackish groundwater (C1 up to 1500 mg/L). We distinguish between two key anthropogenic sources: (1) sewage effluents used for irrigation with high Na/C1, SO4/C1, and B/C1 ratios and low Br/C1 ratios relative to seawater ratios, low ;5•B values (0-10%o) and high ;5•80 values (>-4%0); and (2) imported water from the Sea of Galilee that is artificiallyrecharged tothe aquifer with high Br/C1 (3 x 10 -3) and ;5•80 values (-1%o) and a low 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70753. The brackish groundwater from the saline plumes have relatively low Na/C1 ratios (0.5-0.8) and high Ca/Mg, Mg/C1, and Ca/(SO 4 q- HCO3) (> l) ratios relative to seawater ratios; marine SO4/C1 and Br/C1 ratios;5•B values of 24.8-49.9%0; 18 87 86 ;50 of -2.95%0 to -4.73%0; and Sr/ Sr ratios of 0.708275-0.708532. The composition of most of the investigated groundwater from the saline plumes differs from those of the 87 86 anthropogenic sources, imported water, fresh uncontaminated groundwater (Sr/ Sr of 0.70866, ;5•B of 20-30%o), and saline water from the adjacent Eocene aquitard. Only in ß 18 areas of artificial recharge does local groundwater have high Br/C1 and ;50 values that are typical to the Sea of Galilee. The linear relationships between chloride and most of the ions, including Band Sr, the relatively high ;5•B (>30%0) and low ;5•80 (<-4%0) values, and the chemical signature of the saline plumes (e.g., marine Br/C1 and SO4/C1 ratios), suggest that (1) mixing processes control the chemical composition of the brackish water within the aquifer, and (2) the saline postulated end-member has a chemical composition that resembles modified seawater with a marine and higher ;5•B values, and a 87Sr/86Sr ratio of <0.7083. We propose that most of the salinization phenomena and the formation of saline plumes in the inner parts of the coastal aquifer are derived from upconing of underlying natural saline water bodies and enhanced by overexploitation and draw-down of the overlying fresh groundwater.
UR  - sci-hub.si/10.1029/1999WR900024
N1  - exported from refbase (http://www.uhydro.de/refbase/show.php?record=62), last updated on Fri, 27 Mar 2020 09:57:11 +0100
ID  - Vengosh_etal1999
ER  -